A Guide to Gun License Types in NYC

New York City maintains a complicated firearm licensing system to regulate the possession and carrying of firearms within the five boroughs. The city’s approach to gun licensing is notably complex compared to many other jurisdictions and understanding the different categories and their specific purposes often requires expert guidance.

This guide breaks down the different types of firearm licenses available in New York City, explains the key differences between them, and helps you determine which license type aligns with your needs—whether that’s home protection, business security, or personal carry.

Categories of NYC Firearm Licenses

Premises License—Residence or Business

This is a restricted handgun license, issued for a specific business or residence location. The handgun must be safeguarded at the specific address indicated on the license. This license allows the transporting of an unloaded handgun directly to and from an authorized small arms range/shooting club, secured unloaded in a locked container. Ammunition shall be carried separately.

Carry Business License

This is an unrestricted class of license that allows the carrying of a handgun concealed on the person. In the event that an applicant is not found by the License Division to be qualified for a carry business license, the License Division, based on its investigation of the applicant, may offer a limited carry business license or a business premises license to an applicant.

Limited Carry Business License

This is a restricted handgun license, which allows the licensee to carry the handgun listed on the license concealed on the person to and from specific locations during the specific days and times set forth on the license. At all other times the handgun shall be safeguarded at the specific address indicated on the license, and secured unloaded in a locked container.

Carry Guard License/Gun Custodian License.

These are restricted types of carry licenses, valid when the holder is engaged in a work assignment as a security guard or gun custodian.

Special Licenses

Special licenses are issued to persons in possession of a valid New York State and out of state License holders. The revocation, cancellation, suspension, or surrender of a county license automatically renders the New York City license void. The holder of a special license shall carry their county license at all times when possessing a handgun pursuant to such special license in The City and State of New York. It is not legal to carry a firearm without carrying the license that authorizes possession.

Special Carry Business License

This is a special license, allowing the carrying of a concealed handgun on the person while the licensee is in New York City.

Special Carry Guard License/Gun Custodian License

These are restricted types of special licenses that allow the carrying of a concealed handgun on the person only when the licensee is engaged in the performance of official duties as a security guard or gun custodian.

Rifle & Shotgun Permit (NYC)

Standard NYC Rifle/Shotgun Permit

Unlike handguns, which require a license in NYC, rifles and shotguns require a permit issued by the NYPD. The application process for a rifle/shotgun permit is generally less strict than for handgun licenses, though it still involves a background check, fingerprinting, and verification of the applicant’s suitability.

Once issued, the rifle/shotgun permit allows you to purchase, possess, and transport rifles and shotguns within the five boroughs. You must notify the License Division when you purchase a new rifle or shotgun. New York has restrictions on rifles and shotguns that are stricter than other states. Possession of a rifle or shotgun that fails to confirm to state laws is not authorized.

Restrictions Unique to NYC

New York City adds extra rules beyond state law, such as a mandatory rifle/shotgun permit and stricter limits on certain semi-automatic firearms. Many rifles and shotguns that qualify as ‘assault weapons’ under city or state definitions are effectively banned for ordinary owners.

In New York City, magazines for rifles and shotguns are generally limited to five rounds (with very limited exceptions), which is stricter than the state’s usual ten-round cap.

Additionally, rifles and shotguns must be stored safely when not in use, and transport outside the home must be done in a locked container, unloaded and separate from ammunition.

The permit does not authorize carrying a rifle or shotgun in public except when properly secured for transport to authorized locations such as ranges or hunting areas outside city limits.

Key Differences Between License Types

Location of Legal Possession

Premises licenses strictly limit possession to a single specified location—either your home or business. Carry licenses allow concealed possession on your person in public, subject to sensitive location restrictions.

Transport Rules

For premises licenses, weapons must be unloaded, in a locked container, and transported directly between authorized locations (home, range, gunsmith) without unnecessary stops. Carry license holders have more flexibility but must still comply with restrictions on where firearms are prohibited. Violating transport rules can result in criminal charges even for license holders.

Work-Based vs. Personal Carry

Carry guard and gun custodian licenses are typically tied to specific employment and may not authorize carry outside work activities. Standard carry licenses are issued for personal protection and self-defense. Business premises licenses occupy a middle ground, protecting a commercial location rather than providing personal carry rights.

NYC-Specific Limitations

Even with a valid NYC license, numerous locations remain off-limits for firearms, including schools, government buildings, Times Square, parks, etc.

NYC doesn’t issue a separate license card for every handgun. Instead, you have one handgun license, and each pistol or revolver you own must be individually approved and listed on that license. Adding a new handgun normally requires a purchase authorization and an amendment to your existing license.

When to Seek Legal Advice

If you are facing challenges related to application requirements, potential disqualifying factors in your background, or concerns about errors or omissions in your firearm license application, it is advisable to seek legal counsel.

A NYC gun license attorney can provide crucial guidance throughout the process, assist with gathering the necessary documentation, prepare you for interviews, and represent you if any issues arise. Professional legal support can improve your chances of a successful application and help mitigate potential complications.